The Propagation Methods
Many plants can be propagated from a single leaf. Some leaf cuttings have the stem still attached, and it is inserted upright or at a 45 degree angle in the propagating medium, so the leaf stands upright and air can circulate around it. New plants most often appear from the stem end. Some types of stemless leaves will produce new plants from the stem end of the main vein. Many succulent leaves need only to be laid fiat on moist sand.
Plants that spread by suckers or offshoots from their roots are easily propagated by cutting sections of the root, each with an “eye” or growth bud. These are buried in the propagating medium and soon send up new stalks. Similar cuttings of underground rhizomes are treated the same. Top-of-the-ground rhizomes are only partly sunk in the medium.
Propagating by Division
Many mature or oversized house, greenhouse, and garden plants can be increased – often improved – by dividing crown, roots, or rhizomes into two or more sections and replanting the divisions as new and smaller plants. Sometimes roots will pull gently apart; sometimes they must be cut with a clean, sharp knife or the edge of a spade. Division is usually carried out at the very beginning of the season, before a plant is well into active growth, or at the very end when it is nearly or fully dormant. Division also includes rooting and removing suckers, offsets, runners, and aerial plantlets.
Vining plants that grow from tubers or bulbs are increased by division of these thick rootlike growths. Cut the tuber cleanly into pieces that each have two or more eyes. Root the divisions and start them into growth in a warm, moist propagating box.
Grafting
This is not entirely a method of propagation, but it is a valuable way to increase some types of vining plants. Cuttings of questionably hardy vines can be grafted on reliably hardy roots, for example; or tender flowering types grafted onto nonflowering but sturdy root stock. Indoors, some lax-stemmed succulents are grafted onto stems of upright columnar types to create a standard or tree effect in which the stems cascade down around the central trunk.
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